Harley Davidson Custom Air Filter Covers: The Essential Guide for Enhanced Performance, Style, and Protection
Custom air filter covers for Harley Davidson motorcycles are a critical upgrade that directly improves engine performance, enhances visual appeal, and provides superior protection for your bike's intake system. Investing in a well-chosen custom cover is one of the most practical and impactful modifications a rider can make, offering immediate benefits in airflow, durability, and personalization that cater to both novice owners and seasoned enthusiasts. This guide provides a complete, expert-backed resource to help you understand, select, install, and maintain the ideal custom air filter cover for your Harley.
Understanding Air Filters and Air Filter Covers on Harley Davidson Motorcycles
The air filter is a fundamental component of your motorcycle's engine. It cleans the air entering the engine by removing dust, debris, and other particulates. Clean air is essential for efficient combustion. The air filter cover, sometimes called an air cleaner cover or housing, is the outer casing that encloses the air filter element. On stock Harley Davidson models, this cover is often a basic, functional part made of metal or plastic. Its primary role is to protect the filter and help direct airflow. However, the stock design can be limiting. It may restrict airflow for performance gains, lack aesthetic appeal, or offer minimal defense against harsh weather and road conditions. The air intake system works by drawing air through this cover and filter, into the intake manifold, and then into the engine's cylinders where it mixes with fuel. A compromised or inefficient air filter assembly can lead to reduced power, poor fuel economy, and potential engine wear over time.
The Primary Reasons to Choose a Custom Air Filter Cover
Riders choose custom air filter covers for three core reasons: performance, style, and protection. A performance-oriented cover is engineered to increase airflow to the engine. Many stock covers have restrictive designs to meet factory noise or emissions standards. A custom cover with a less restrictive shape and larger intake ports allows more air to flow into the engine. This increased air volume, when paired with a compatible high-flow air filter and often a fuel management adjustment, can result in noticeable gains in horsepower and throttle response. The second reason is aesthetic customization. Harley Davidson motorcycles are expressions of personal style. A custom cover comes in countless finishes—from chrome and wrinkle black to custom paint and billet aluminum—and shapes, from classic teardrops to modern radial designs. It allows a rider to match their bike's theme, color scheme, or era. Third, protection is enhanced. Custom covers are typically constructed from higher-grade materials like heavy-duty steel, precision-machined aluminum, or advanced polymers. They better shield the vital air filter from rain, road splash, and direct impacts from stones or debris, which is especially important for long-distance or all-weather riding.
Detailed Breakdown of Performance Benefits
The performance benefit warrants a deeper explanation. Motorcycle engines operate on the principle of internal combustion. They require a precise mix of air and fuel. The volume of air an engine can ingest is a key factor in its power output. A restrictive air intake creates a bottleneck. A performance custom air filter cover is designed to minimize this restriction. This does not mean merely having large holes; it involves aerodynamic design to smooth turbulent air entry. The result is a denser air charge reaching the cylinders. More air allows the engine's electronic control unit (ECU) or carburetor to add more fuel, creating a more powerful combustion event. Riders often report a sharper, more immediate reaction when twisting the throttle, particularly in the mid-to-high RPM range. It is important to note that for optimal results, upgrading the air filter cover should be part of a system. It is commonly paired with a high-flow air filter element, such as those made from cotton gauze or synthetic media, and a corresponding update to the fuel delivery via a fuel management module or carburetor re-jetting. This ensures the air-fuel ratio remains balanced. An imbalance can cause a lean condition (too much air) which may lead to engine overheating or damage.
Comprehensive Guide to Types and Styles of Custom Covers
The market offers a vast array of styles to suit every Harley model and rider taste. The classic "teardrop" or "bullet" style is iconic, reminiscent of older Harley models. It features a single, rounded cover that extends over the filter element. The "twin" or "dual" cover setup uses two symmetrical covers, often on either side of the motorcycle's backbone, popular on models like the Dyna or Softail. "Radial" or "round" covers are circular and often showcased on custom choppers and bobbers, providing a minimalist, industrial look. "Arlen Ness" style covers are famous for their deeply dished, sleek design that adds a custom profile. For modern touring models like the Street Glide or Road King, "flow" or "scoop" styles are common, designed to integrate with the fairing lines and sometimes incorporate rain shields. There are also "high-flow" or "open" covers that use a minimal housing or a series of velocity stacks, maximizing air intake but offering less environmental protection, best for performance-focused builds or dry climates. Each style impacts the bike's look and, to a degree, its aerodynamic profile.
Analysis of Construction Materials: Pros, Cons, and Applications
The material of a custom cover determines its durability, weight, appearance, and cost. Chrome-plated steel is the most traditional choice for Harley Davidsons. It provides a brilliant, reflective shine that is easy to clean. However, chrome can chip or peel if the substrate is compromised, and it requires regular polishing to prevent rust spots and water spots. Powder-coated steel or aluminum is extremely popular. Powder coating is a dry finishing process that creates a thick, durable, and uniform layer. It is available in any color, including metallic and textured finishes like wrinkle black. It is highly resistant to chips, chemicals, and UV fading, making it a low-maintenance, long-lasting option. Billet aluminum covers are machined from solid blocks of aluminum. They offer superior strength, a precise, high-end look with machined details, and are lightweight. They can be left raw for a brushed or polished aluminum finish, or anodized in colors. Anodizing adds a hard, corrosion-resistant surface. Cast aluminum covers are made from molten aluminum poured into molds. They are cost-effective, strong, and good for complex shapes, but may have a less precise finish than billet parts. For lightweight performance, carbon fiber covers are used. Carbon fiber is strong, lightweight, and has a distinctive woven pattern. It is expensive and can be susceptible to UV degradation if not properly coated. Understanding these materials helps in selecting a cover that matches your budget, desired maintenance level, and performance needs.
How to Select the Perfect Custom Cover for Your Specific Harley Davidson Model
Selection is not just about looks. Compatibility is paramount. First, identify your exact motorcycle model, year, and engine displacement (e.g., 2020 Harley Davidson Softail Fat Boy 114). Air filter mounts and clearances vary significantly between the Touring, Softail, Sportster, Dyna (discontinued but still popular), and Trike families. The cover must match the mounting pattern of your stock or aftermarket air cleaner backing plate. Second, consider your riding style and environment. A rider in a rainy climate should prioritize a cover with good sealing properties or one designed with a rain shield, like many OEM-style touring covers. A rider in a dusty area should ensure the cover design works well with a high-quality, sealed filter element. For pure performance on dry roads, an open high-flow style may be suitable. Third, think about future modifications. If you plan to install aftermarket exhaust pipes or a fuel tuner, ensure the air cover's performance level is matched to these components. A very high-flow cover with a stock exhaust may not yield significant gains. Fourth, set a budget. Prices range from fifty dollars for basic aftermarket covers to several hundred for premium billet or carbon fiber pieces. Finally, verify the product's reputation. Select covers from manufacturers that provide precise model fitment information and have positive user reviews regarding fit and finish.
Step-by-Step Installation Guide for a Custom Air Filter Cover
Installing a custom air filter cover is a straightforward task that most riders can do with basic tools. Always consult the specific instructions provided with your cover kit. Begin by ensuring the motorcycle is on a level surface, the ignition is off, and the key is removed. Step one is to remove the existing stock air filter cover. This typically involves loosening and removing the central mounting screw or nut that holds the cover to the backing plate. Some models may have multiple screws around the perimeter. Use the correct size socket or wrench to avoid stripping the fastener. Once the fastener is removed, gently pull the cover assembly away from the backing plate. It may be snug. Step two involves inspecting and potentially replacing the air filter element. This is an ideal time to install a new high-flow filter if desired. Clean any debris from the backing plate and intake snorkel. Step three is to install the new custom cover. Place the new cover over the filter element and onto the backing plate studs, aligning any tabs or holes. Insert and hand-tighten the new provided mounting hardware, which often is a longer screw or a custom bolt to accommodate the new cover's thickness. Step four is final tightening. Using a torque wrench is highly recommended. Overtightening can crack the cover or strip threads, while undertightening can cause air leaks. Refer to the kit's instructions for the proper torque specification, usually measured in foot-pounds or inch-pounds. A common range is 60-100 inch-pounds for the central nut. Do not use impact tools. After tightening, visually ensure the cover is seated evenly with no large gaps. For covers that require a breather bolt or hose reconnection, follow the kit's guide to reroute any crankcase breather hoses. Finally, start the engine and listen for any unusual hissing sounds that might indicate an air leak. Let the engine idle for a few minutes to ensure stable operation.
Maintenance, Cleaning, and Care for Long-Term Durability
Proper maintenance extends the life of your custom cover and ensures continued performance. The cleaning frequency depends on your riding conditions. A general rule is to inspect and clean the exterior every time you wash your bike, and the internal filter element as per the filter manufacturer's schedule, often every 5,000 to 10,000 miles. For cleaning the cover itself, first, use a soft brush or compressed air to remove loose dirt and bugs. For chrome covers, use a dedicated chrome polish and a microfiber cloth. Apply the polish in a circular motion, then buff to a shine. Avoid abrasive pads or harsh chemicals that can scratch the plating. For powder-coated, painted, or anodized covers, use a mild soap (like motorcycle wash or car shampoo) mixed with water. Wash with a soft sponge or mitt, rinse thoroughly with clean water, and dry with a chamois or microfiber towel to prevent water spots. For bare billet aluminum, use a metal polish designed for aluminum to restore shine and remove oxidation, followed by a sealant to protect the surface. For carbon fiber, use products specifically formulated for composites; avoid waxes with abrasives. Periodically check the tightness of the mounting hardware, as vibrations can loosen fasteners over time. Inspect the seal between the cover and the backing plate. If your kit included a gasket or sealing ring, check it for cracks or wear and replace it if necessary to prevent unfiltered air from entering the engine. This is crucial for engine health.
Overview of Reputable Brands and Purchasing Considerations
Several manufacturers have established strong reputations in the Harley Davidson aftermarket for air intake components. Arlen Ness is a legendary name, known for innovative, high-style designs in billet aluminum and chrome. Kuryakyn offers a wide range of covers that balance style, performance, and value, with many unique finishes. Vance & Hines produces performance-focused covers, often part of their complete intake systems. Screamin' Eagle is Harley Davidson's official performance parts line, offering covers that guarantee OEM fit and finish, often with a focus on touring models. DK Custom Products is noted for designs that improve performance while adding rain protection, especially for touring bikes. Other respected brands include RC Components, BDL, and S&S Cycle. When purchasing, buy from authorized dealers or reputable online motorcycle parts retailers. They provide accurate fitment guides, customer support, and warranty service. Be wary of extremely cheap, no-name covers from unknown sources, as they may have poor fitment, inferior materials that corrode quickly, or casting flaws that cause air leaks. Reading customer reviews that mention "fit," "finish," and "quality" is highly instructive. Also, consider if the cover is sold as a complete kit (with backing plate, filter, and cover) or as a cover only. A cover-only purchase requires that it matches your existing backing plate.
Integrating the Cover with Other Performance Modifications
A custom air filter cover rarely works in isolation. To unlock its full potential, consider the engine's ecosystem. The most common synergistic upgrade is a performance exhaust system. A less restrictive air intake paired with less restrictive exhaust pipes allows the engine to breathe more freely on both the intake and exhaust strokes, compounding power gains. After these two hardware changes, the engine's fuel delivery must be adjusted. Modern fuel-injected Harleys use an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) to manage fuel injection. Installing a fuel management tuner, such as those from Fuel Moto, Dynojet, or Harley Davidson's Screamin' Eagle, is strongly recommended. The tuner allows you to upload a new fuel map that adds the appropriate amount of fuel for the increased airflow, preventing a lean condition and optimizing performance and engine temperature. For carbureted older models, this involves re-jetting the carburetor. Many riders undertake these modifications as a "stage 1" upgrade. A stage 1 kit typically includes the air cleaner upgrade, performance exhaust, and a fuel management device. This package is designed to work harmoniously and is the safest, most effective path to noticeable power increases while maintaining reliability.
Addressing Common Concerns and Misconceptions
A common misconception is that a custom cover alone will dramatically increase horsepower. The gain from just a cover, with a stock filter and no fuel adjustment, is often minimal. The real gain comes from the coordinated system upgrade. Another concern is about water ingestion. Riders worry that high-flow or open covers will suck in water during rain, leading to hydro-lock (water entering the cylinders). While a valid concern, many performance covers are designed with this in mind, placing the intake ports in locations less susceptible to direct water splash. For peace of mind, add-on rain socks or shields are available. Some riders believe a custom cover will void their motorcycle's warranty. In the United States, the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act states that a warranty cannot be voided simply for using an aftermarket part unless that part is proven to have caused the specific failure. Using quality parts and proper installation is key. However, it is prudent to check with your dealer. Noise is another factor. A less restrictive intake can increase the intake sound, creating a more aggressive "sucking" noise, which some riders enjoy and others may find undesirable. Finally, there is a misconception that installation is overly complex. As shown, it is generally a simple bolt-on procedure requiring basic tools.
Real-World Application: Scenarios and Rider Experiences
To illustrate practicality, consider different rider profiles. A Heritage Classic owner who enjoys weekend rides and local shows might choose a nostalgic, deeply-chrome teardrop cover to enhance the bike's classic appearance. Their priority is style and ease of cleaning. A Street Glide rider who logs thousands of highway miles annually might select a color-matched powder-coated touring cover with a integrated rain shield, prioritizing weather protection and a clean, integrated look with the fairing. A Sportster owner building a performance-oriented bike for track days might opt for a minimal, velocity-stack-style open cover from a brand like Vance & Hines, maximizing airflow and accepting the need for more frequent filter cleaning. In each case, the rider's choice directly addresses their primary need. Many riders report that after installation, the throttle feels more responsive, especially when accelerating onto a highway. Others note the pride of personalization, as the air cleaner cover is a central visual element on a Harley Davidson engine.
Troubleshooting Common Post-Installation Issues
After installation, a few issues may arise. If the engine idles roughly, stalls, or shows a check engine light, this strongly suggests a vacuum leak or a severely lean condition. Turn off the engine immediately. Re-check all fittings. Ensure the cover is seated correctly on the backing plate gasket, the central bolt is properly torqued, and any breather hose connections are secure and not cracked. If the problem persists, a fuel management adjustment is likely required. A whistling or hissing noise during operation usually indicates an air leak at the seal between the cover and backing plate. Re-seat the cover and ensure the gasket is in good condition. If the new cover rubs against nearby components like wiring, brake lines, or the fuel tank, this is a fitment issue. Verify you have the correct part number for your model. Some slight contact when turning the handlebars lock-to-lock may require adjusting the position of the cover or carefully rerouting the affected wire or line. If the finish appears to degrade quickly, confirm you are using appropriate cleaning products. Harsh chemicals from gas stations or automated car washes can damage chrome, paint, and powder coat.
Long-Term Value and Resale Considerations
A quality custom air filter cover adds value to your motorcycle, both intrinsically and at resale. Intrinsically, it provides the ongoing benefits of performance and protection. For resale, a well-chosen, professionally installed custom cover can make the motorcycle more attractive to potential buyers, as it demonstrates care and personalization. It is often more desirable than a stock, plain cover. However, highly eccentric or niche designs might not appeal to all buyers. Neutral, high-quality finishes like chrome, black, or polished billet tend to have the broadest appeal. Keep all original parts. If you sell the bike, you can include the stock cover as part of the sale, giving the new owner options. Documenting the upgrade, including the brand and part number, can also be helpful for a future owner's maintenance records.
Final Recommendations and Concluding Thoughts
Selecting a Harley Davidson custom air filter cover is a rewarding project. Start by defining your goal: is it primarily for looks, for performance, or for all-weather touring protection? Research covers compatible with your specific model year and engine. Read reviews and look at installation photos from other riders. Invest in a quality cover from a reputable brand; it is a part that is constantly exposed to heat, vibration, and the elements. Pair it with a good high-flow air filter element. If you are also changing the exhaust, plan to address fuel management concurrently. Installation is a manageable task with careful attention to torque specifications and sealing. Once installed, maintain the cover with proper cleaning to preserve its appearance. This upgrade, while seemingly focused on one component, positively impacts the engine's function, the bike's character, and the rider's connection to their machine. It is a modification that pays dividends in every ride, combining practical engineering with the personal expression that is at the heart of the Harley Davidson experience.